I. Classification of Punching Machines
By category: pearl punching machine, laser punching machine, automatic punching machine, electric punching machine, manual punching machine.
By number of holes: single-hole punching machine, 2-hole punching machine, 3-hole punching machine, 4-hole punching machine.
Punching Machine Accessories: punching blade spacer, punching blade, punching needle, punching pad, punching device.
II. Introduction to Types of Punching Machines
1. Laser Punching Machine
(1) Structure of Laser Punching Machine:
A laser beam punching machine is generally composed of four major parts: solid-state laser, electrical system, optical system, and three-coordinate moving worktable.
(2) Operating Principle of Solid-state Laser
When the laser working substance yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is excited by a light pump (excitation pulse xenon lamp), it absorbs light with a specific wavelength. Under certain conditions, this can lead to a situation where the number of metastable particles in the working substance exceeds the number of low-energy level particles, a phenomenon known as population inversion. Once a small number of excited particles undergo stimulated radiation transitions, it will cause light amplification. Through the feedback effect of total reflection mirrors and partial reflection mirrors in the resonant cavity, oscillation occurs, and finally, laser light is output from one end of the resonant cavity. The laser is focused by a lens to form a high-energy beam that irradiates the surface of the workpiece, allowing for processing.
The electrical system includes a power supply that supplies energy to the laser and a control system that controls the laser output mode (pulse or continuous, etc.). In the latter, it sometimes also includes an automatic control device that drives the worktable according to processing requirements. The optical system of the electric hydraulic punching machine MHP-20 functions to precisely focus the laser beam onto the processing part of the workpiece. To achieve this, it contains at least two parts: a laser focusing device and an observation and aiming device.
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The projection system is used to display the back of the workpiece and is equipped in relatively advanced laser beam drilling machines.
The workbench is controlled manually or by a numerical control device and moves in three-dimensional directions, facilitating accurate adjustment of the workpiece position. The processing area on the workbench is made of glass, as opaque metal surfaces can hinder inspection and can be damaged after the workpiece is pierced. A suction and blowing device is installed above the focusing lens on the workbench to keep the work surface and focusing lens clean.
(3) Application of laser drilling machines:
Laser drilling is mainly applied in industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, electronic instruments, and chemical engineering. The rapid development of laser drilling is mainly reflected in the increase in the average output power of YAG lasers used for drilling, from 400w five years ago to 800w to 1000w. Currently, relatively mature applications of laser drilling in China are in the production of synthetic and natural diamond wire drawing dies, as well as in the production of gem bearings for clocks and watches, aircraft blades, multilayer printed circuit boards, and other industries.
Currently, lasers used are mainly YAG lasers and CO2 lasers, with some excimer lasers, isotope lasers, and semiconductor pumped lasers also being used.
2. Desktop manual drilling machine
The desktop manual drilling machine is the most commonly used manual drilling machine in daily office work, featuring low cost, a positioning scale, compact appearance, and simple and convenient operation. Desktop manual drilling machines are all designed with two holes, with a conventional hole spacing of 80MM. Different models of drilling machines can drill different numbers of sheets of paper at a time, commonly 10, 20, or 30 sheets. During actual drilling.
Usage of desktop manual punching machine:
(1) Stack the documents to be organized neatly;
(2) Pull out the positioning ruler of the punching machine to determine the punching position;
(3) Place the documents to be punched (the number of documents to be punched at one time should not exceed the specified number of pages), align them, and press down the punching machine handle.
(4) After releasing your hand, the punching machine handle will automatically rebound, and you can take out the punched documents;
(5) Use metal or plastic staplers to bind the punched documents.
